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This article is part of a series on the
Constitution of the
United States of America
Preamble and Articles
of the Constitution
Amendments to the Constitution
Unratified Amendments
History
Full text of the Constitution and Amendments
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Constitutional Law
of the United States
Overview
Principles
Government structure
Individual rights
Theory

Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it. All 33 amendments are listed and detailed in the tables below.

Article Five of the United States Constitution details the two-step process for amending the nation's frame of government. Amendments must be properly proposed and ratified Watch step up all in full movie online free. before becoming operative. This process was designed to strike a balance between the excesses of constant change and inflexibility.[1]

An amendment may be proposed and sent to the states for ratification by either:
  • The United States Congress, whenever a two-thirds majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives deem it necessary;
or
Pdf copy of the us constitution
  • A national convention, called by Congress for this purpose, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds (currently 34) of the states.[2][3]
To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either (as determined by Congress):
  • The legislatures of three-fourths (currently 38) of the states, within the stipulated time period if one is set;
or
  • State ratifying conventions in three-fourths (currently 38) of the states, within the stipulated time period if one is set.[2][3]

Pdf Of The Us Constitution

When a constitutional amendment is sent to the states for ratification, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S.C.§ 106b.[4] Then, upon being properly ratified, the archivist issues a certificate proclaiming that an amendment has become an operative part of the Constitution.[3]

Approximately 11,770 proposals to amend the Constitution have been introduced in Congress since 1789 (as of January 3, 2019).[5] Collectively, members of the House and Senate typically propose around 200 amendments during each two–year term of Congress.[6] Most, however, never get out of the Congressional committees in which they were proposed, and only a fraction of those that do receive enough support to win Congressional approval to go through the constitutional ratification process.Beginning in the early 20th century, Congress has usually, but not always, stipulated that an amendment must be ratified by the required number of states within seven years from the date of its submission to the states in order to become part of the Constitution. Congress' authority to set ratification deadline was affirmed by the United States Supreme Court in Coleman v. Miller, 307U.S.433 (1939).

  • 1Ratified amendments
  • 2Unratified amendments

Ratified amendments[edit]

Copy of the us constitution pdf

Synopsis of each ratified amendment[edit]

No.Subject[7]Ratification[8][9]
SubmittedCompletedTime span
1stProhibits Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the right to petition the governmentSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
2ndProtects the right to keep and bear armsSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
3rdPlaces restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homesSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
4thProhibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable causeSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
5thSets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardySeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
6thProtects the right to a fair and speedypublictrial by jury, including the rights to be notified of the accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counselSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
7thProvides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common lawSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
8thProhibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishmentSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
9thProtects rights not enumerated in the ConstitutionSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
10thReinforces the principle of federalism by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the states or the people through the ConstitutionSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 17912 years, 81 days
11thMakes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders; lays the foundation for sovereign immunityMarch 4, 1794February 7, 1795340 days
12thRevises presidential election procedures by having the president and vice president elected together as opposed to the vice president being the runner up in the presidential electionDecember 9, 1803June 15, 1804189 days
13thAbolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crimeJanuary 31, 1865December 6, 1865309 days
14thDefines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War issuesJune 13, 1866July 9, 18682 years, 26 days
15thProhibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitudeFebruary 26, 1869February 3, 1870342 days
16thPermits Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the various states or basing it on the United States CensusJuly 12, 1909February 3, 19133 years, 206 days
17thEstablishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular voteMay 13, 1912April 8, 1913330 days
18thProhibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States
(Repealed December 5, 1933, via the 21st Amendment)
December 18, 1917January 16, 19191 year, 29 days
19thProhibits the denial of the right to vote based on sexJune 4, 1919August 18, 19201 year, 75 days
20thChanges the date on which the terms of the president and vice president and of members of Congress end and begin (to January 20 and January 3 respectively)March 2, 1932January 23, 1933327 days
21stRepeals the 18th Amendment and makes it a federal offense to transport or import intoxicating liquors into U.S. states and territories where such transport or importation is prohibited by the laws of those states and territoriesFebruary 20, 1933December 5, 1933288 days
22ndLimits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than onceMarch 24, 1947February 27, 19513 years, 340 days
23rdGrants the District of Columbia electors (the number of electors being equal to those of the least populous state) in the Electoral CollegeJune 16, 1960March 29, 1961286 days
24thProhibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other taxSeptember 14, 1962January 23, 19641 year, 131 days
25thAddresses succession to the presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilitiesJuly 6, 1965February 10, 19671 year, 219 days
26thProhibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of ageMarch 23, 1971July 1, 1971100 days
27thDelays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representativesSeptember 25, 1789May 5, 1992202 years, 223 days

Summation of ratification data for each ratified amendment[edit]

' Y ' indicates that state ratified amendment
' N ' indicates that state rejected amendment
' Y(‡) ' indicates that state ratified amendment after first rejecting it
' Y(×) ' indicates that state ratified amendment, later rescinded that ratification, but subsequently re-ratified it
' — ' indicates that state did not complete action on amendment
'' indicates that amendment was ratified before state joined the Union
State
(in order of statehood)
1–101112131415161718192021222324252627
DelawareYYNY(‡)Y(‡)Y(‡)YY(‡)YY(‡)YYYYYYYY
PennsylvaniaYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
New JerseyYYY(‡)Y(×)Y(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
GeorgiaYYYYY(‡)YYYY(‡)YYYY
ConnecticutYYNYYYNYNYYYYYYYYY
MassachusettsYYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYNYYYY
MarylandYYYYY(‡)Y(‡)YYYY(‡)YYYYYYYY
South CarolinaYYYYY(‡)YYYY(‡)YNYYYY
New HampshireYYYYYYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYYY
VirginiaYYYYY(‡)YNYY(‡)YYYYYYY
New YorkYYYYYY(×)YYYYYYYYYYY
North CarolinaYYYYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYYY
Rhode IslandYYYYYYNYNYYYYYYYY
VermontYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
KentuckyYYY(‡)Y(‡)Y(‡)YYYYYYYY
TennesseeYYYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
OhioYYY(×)Y(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
LouisianaYY(‡)YYYYY(‡)YYYYY
IndianaYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
MississippiY(‡)YYYYY(‡)YYNY
IllinoisYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
AlabamaYYYYYYY(‡)YYYYYYYY
MaineYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
MissouriYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
ArkansasYYYY(‡)YYYYYYNYYY
MichiganYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
FloridaYYYYYYYYYYY
TexasYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
IowaYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
WisconsinYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
CaliforniaYYY(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
MinnesotaYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
OregonYY(×)Y(‡)YYYYYYYYYYYY
KansasYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
West VirginiaYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
NevadaYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
NebraskaYYYYYYYYYYYYY
ColoradoYYYYYYYYYYYY
North DakotaYYYYYYYYY
South DakotaYYYYYYYYY
MontanaYYYYYYYYYYYY
WashingtonYYYYYYYYYYY
IdahoYYYYYYYYYYYY
WyomingYYYYYYYYYYY
UtahNNYYYYYYYYY
OklahomaYYYYYNYYYY
New MexicoYYYYYYYYYYY
ArizonaYYYYYYYYYY
AlaskaYYYYY
HawaiiYYYYY
State
(in order of statehood)
1–101112131415161718192021222324252627
Source: [10]

Unratified amendments[edit]

Synopsis of each unratified amendment[edit]

TitleSubjectStatus
Congressional Apportionment AmendmentWould strictly regulate the size of congressional districts for representation in the House of Representatives.Pending since September 25, 1789
Titles of Nobility AmendmentWould strip citizenship from any United States citizen who accepts a title of nobility from a foreign country.Pending since May 1, 1810
Corwin AmendmentWould make the states' 'domestic institutions' (slavery) impervious to the constitutional amendment procedures established in Article V and immune to abolition or interference from Congress.Pending since March 2, 1861
Child Labor AmendmentWould empower the federal government to limit, regulate, and prohibit child labor.Pending since June 2, 1924
Equal Rights AmendmentWould have prohibited deprivation of equality of rights by the federal or state governments on account of sex.Initial ratification period ended March 22, 1979, and extension period ended June 30, 1982; amendment failed
District of Columbia Voting Rights AmendmentWould have treated the District of Columbia as if it were a state regarding representation in the United States Congress (including repealing the 23rd Amendment), representation in the Electoral College and participation in the process by which the Constitution is amended.Ratification period ended August 22, 1985; amendment failed

Summation of ratification data for each unratified amendment[edit]

  1. ^England, Trent; Spalding, Matthew. 'Essays on Article V: Amendments'. The Heritage Guide to The Constitution. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  2. ^ ab'Constitution Day: Proposed Amendments'. Morrow, Georgia: Clayton State University. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  3. ^ abc'Constitutional Amendment Process'. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  4. ^Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). 'Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution'(PDF). Congressional Research Service reports (97-922 GOV). Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. Retrieved February 23, 2019 – via University of North Texas Digital Library.
  5. ^'Measures Proposed to Amend the Constitution'. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  6. ^'C-SPAN's Capitol Questions'. June 9, 2000. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  7. ^'U.S. Constitution'. Ithaca, New York: Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  8. ^'The Bill of Rights'. America's Founding Documents. Washington, D.C.: National Archives. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  9. ^'The Constitution: Amendments 11-27'. America's Founding Documents. Washington, D.C.: National Archives. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  10. ^Garcia, Michael J.; Lewis, Catlain Devereaux; Nolan, Andrew; Toten, Meghan; Tyson, Ashley, eds. (2017). 'Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation'(PDF). 112th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document No. 112–9. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 25–45. Retrieved October 29, 2018.

External links[edit]

  • U.S. Constitution, FindLaw.com
  • The United States Constitution, USConstitution.net

Printable Copy Constitution United States

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution&oldid=899446776'
' Y ' indicates that state ratified amendment
' N ' indicates that state rejected amendment
' Y(‡) ' indicates that state ratified amendment after first rejecting it
' Y(×) ' indicates that state ratified amendment, but later rescinded that ratification
'' indicates that state did not complete action on amendment during stated ratification period.
' ' An empty cell indicates that state has not completed action on pending amendment.
State
(in alphabetical order)
Congressional Apportionment
Corwin
Equal Rights
Alabama
AlaskaY
ArizonaY
ArkansasY
CaliforniaYY
ColoradoYY
ConnecticutNNNYY
DelawareNYNYY
FloridaN
GeorgiaNYN
HawaiiYY
IdahoYY(×)
IllinoisYY⋈Y
IndianaY(‡)Y
IowaYYY
KansasY(‡)Y
KentuckyYYYY(‡)Y(×)
LouisianaNY
MaineY(‡)YY
MarylandYYY(×)NYY
MassachusettsNYNYY
MichiganYYY
MinnesotaY(‡)YY
Mississippi
MissouriN
MontanaYY
NebraskaY(×)
NevadaY⋈Y
New HampshireYYY(‡)Y
New JerseyYYYYY
New MexicoY(‡)Y
New YorkYNY
North CarolinaYYN
North DakotaYY
OhioYY(×)YYY
OklahomaY
OregonYYY
PennsylvaniaY(‡)YY(‡)Y
Rhode IslandYNYYY
South CarolinaYN
South DakotaNY(×)
TennesseeYNY(×)
TexasNY
UtahY(‡)
VermontYYNY
VirginiaYN
WashingtonYY
West VirginiaYYY
WisconsinYYY
WyomingYY